Leading Hollow Fiber Membrane Spinning Machine and Spinneret Manufacturer - Trustech

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 1

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 2

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret

A sol- gel sintering spinning spinneret is a coaxial extrusion spinning assembly for inorganic/ ceramic hollow fiber membrane. The outer phase is a sol or organic–inorganic hybrid precursor, containing inorganic particles or precursor solution with organic binders/ porogens, while the inner phase is a supporting bore fluid which may be a coagulant, a nonsolvent, or an inert fluid. After shaping, the green fibers undergo gelation, solvent exchange, drying, debinding, and high temperature sintering, typically 400 - 1200°C, to yield dense or porous inorganic/ ceramic hollow fibers membrane such as alumina, zirconia, silica, titanates, and the approach is also applicable to metal/glass precursor systems.

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Typical architecture and flow paths

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 3 Coaxial or multi-coaxial structure: spinning spinneret annulus for the sol/slurry, center for the bore fluid; optional additional coaxial ring for external coagulant or a sheath flow.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 4 High solids/thixotropic feed compatibility: spinneret enlarged, rigid, and wear resistant annulus and orifice; wear-resistant liners (zirconia/tungsten carbide/sapphire); polished wetted surfaces plus anti-wear coatings to mitigate particle abrasion and clogging.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 5 low shear, low holdup design: Trustech spinneret gently curved distribution channels and a diffusion/ flow straightening chamber to reduce shear induced gelation, flocculation, or bridging.

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Trustech hollow fiber Membrane spinneret FCT 5th G (2)

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 8 Gelation trigger interface: a coaxial sleeve flow of external coagulant near the orifice or a short free gap to coagulation bath to achieve rapid gelation and shape fixing; optional outer shielding liquid to stabilize the free surface of Trstech spinning spinneret.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 9 Thermal management and degassing: spinneret need upstream temperature control jacket and vacuum degassing port to suppress bubbles and thermally induced viscosity jumps.

Structural Features Structural features and process essentials

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 10

Multilayer co-extrusion

Enable coaxial composites with a dense skin and porous support to co-form the selective layer and support in one pass.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 11

Compatible with diverse bore fluids

Inner phase can be inert oil, water, or solutions with crosslinkers/ salts to control lumen roundness and gelation rate.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 12

Wear resistance and anti-clogging

For particulate/high solids sols, use ultra-hard materials at the orifice and capillary; smooth channel corners to reduce particle holdup and gel-skin blockage.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 13

Stable gel front

Via coaxial external coagulant or a short air-gap-to-bath configuration, rapidly form a self-supporting "green" wall to prevent collapse and ovalization.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 14

Shrinkage and sintering compensation

Spinneret dimensions and wall-thickness targets must account for drying/sintering shrinkage typically 10-40%; channel design and take up strategy should match shrinkage anisotropy.

Trustech Spinneret Key Design Elements Trustech

These parameters are fundamental to spinneret design and directly determine the membrane's final performance

Parameter	Description	Influence on membrane performance
Flow channel (R)	The runner for transporting, buffering, and distributing the dope and bore fluids.	Different structures should be optimized according to material properties, viscosity, spinneret orifice size, and hole quantities to achieve optimal spinning performance.
Annular gap width (d)	The gap (thickness) of the dope flow channel.	It primarily determines the hollow fiber wall thickness. Narrower gaps yield thinner walls and lower mass-transfer resistance, but may reduce mechanical strength.
Bore tube outer diameter (d₁)	The outer diameter of the central tube forming the inner wall of the annular gap.	Together with the outer sleeve inner diameter, it defines the annular gap width.
Outer sleeve inner diameter (d₂)	The inner diameter of the spinneret outer sleeve forming the outer wall of the annular gap.	Together with the bore tube outer diameter, it defines the annular gap width and the fiber outer diameter.
Central tube inner diameter (d₃)	The diameter of the bore fluid channel.	It primarily determines the fiber inner diameter. The inner diameter affects membrane module packing density and the pressure drop of fluid inside the fiber.
Central tube inner diameter (d₃)	The diameter of the bore fluid channel.
Length-to-gap ratio (L/d)	The ratio of the flow channel length (L) to the annular gap width (d).	It affects spinning stability. Designing an appropriate L/d according to material properties and process conditions helps stabilize flow and eliminate entry effects, resulting in more uniform extruded fibers membrane.
Concentricity	The coaxial alignment among the dope layer inner diameter at the spinneret outlet and the bore tube inner and outer diameters.	It affects wall-thickness uniformity and bubble point pressure.
Concentricity
Extrusion face geometry	The foremost geometry of the spinneret, such as flat or micro-tapered.	It influences draw-down and deformation after extrusion, especially important for the air-gap segment in dry-wet spinning.

The Advantages of Trustech FCT Generation 5th Spinneret Trustech

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 16 Wear resistant and anti-clogging, compatible with high solids slurries: Nozzles and liners made from ultra-hard materials (zirconia, tungsten carbide, sapphire), with polished surfaces and anti-wear coatings, resist particle abrasion and clogging, ensuring stable delivery of high solids, viscous sols/slurries.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 17 Low shear and rapid gel-forming: Gently curved distribution channels and a coaxial external gelling agent flow or short air-gap design significantly reduce shear stress to prevent premature gel aggregation; rapid gelation at the nozzle exit forms a robust green fiber wall, avoiding collapse and ovalization.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 18 Multilayer co-extrusion with controlled shrinkage compensation: Supports multilayer co-extrusion (dense skin + porous support), producing composite ceramic/metal/glass hollow fibers in a single pass; spinneret dimensions and wall-thickness are pre-compensated for 10–40% drying/sintering shrinkage, maintaining dimensional accuracy and structural integrity after high-temperature sintering (400–1200°C).

Product Parameters

Brand	Trustech	Application	Sol-Gel Sintering
Material	SUS304, SUS630, SUS316L	Holes/Pack	Single
Dope inlet Thread	G1/8, BSP1/8, NPT1/8	Minimum membrane OD	1.0mm
Bore liquid inlet thread	G1/8, BSP1/8, NPT1/8	Customize thread	Yes
Precision	±0.002mm	Concentricity	0.003mm
Design	Conventional design	Connections	Standard
Viscosity application	1000-300000cp	Roughness	Ra0.2-0.8
Solvent	DMAC, DMF, NMP	Temperature	150℃

Suitable Materials

PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride), CA (cellulose acetate), PVC (Polyvinyl chloride), PES (Polyethersulfone), PSF/PSU (Polysulfone), PA (Nylon, Polyamide), PAN (polyacrylonitrile)

Key design parameter references (one of customer process as example)

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 19 Annular gap height: typically 150–300 μm for polymer systems; for sol–gel, relax to about 200–800 μm to resist clogging and maintain flow.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 20 Coaxiality: ≤5-10μm ,the smaller, the better; for multi-hole arrays, inter hole flow variation ≤±3%.

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 21 Material selection: 316L/17-4PH stainless steel body;

Polymer Fiber Spinning, Sol-Gel Sintering Spinning Spinneret 22 Cleaning and maintenance: solvent flushing and ultrasonics for polymer systems; for sol–gel, solvent/dispersant recirculation plus mechanical passage clearing.

Conventional design

FCT design

Common Specifications

No.	General Specification	Application	Design Type	Type
1	1.3/0.7/0.4	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
2	1.3/0.8/0.5	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
3	1.3/1.0/0.7	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
4	1.4/0.7/0.4	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
5	1.4/0.9/0.6	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
6	1.4/1.0/0.8	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
7	1.6/0.8/0.5	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
8	1.6/0.9/0.6	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
9	1.8/0.9/0.5	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
10	1.8/1.2/0.6	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
11	1.8/1.2/0.8	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
12	2.3/1.5/1.0	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
13	2.3/1.5/1.2	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
14	2.7/1.5/1.2	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
15	2.2/1.7/1.4	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
16	2.7/2.2/1.9	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
17	2.8/2.0/1.5	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
18	2.8/2.2/1.9	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
19	2.8/2.3/2.0	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
20	2.9/1.4/1.1	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
21	2.9/1.8/1.5	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
22	2.9/1.9/1.6	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
23	3.0/2.3/1.9	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
24	3.0/2.3/2.0	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
25	3.1/2.8/2.5	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
26	3.2/2.2/1.8	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
27	3.4/1.7/1.4	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
28	3.4/2.2/1.8	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
29	3.7/1.9/1.6	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
30	3.8/2.2/1.9	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture
31	3.8/2.3/2.0	Sol-Gel Sintering	Conventional design	Single-aperture/ Multi-aperture

Customer Membrane Examples